运载火箭贮箱壁板化铣旋转设备的设计

根据运载火箭贮箱壁板精密化学铣切减重的技术要求,分析了设计技术难点,通过确定制动电机,计算传动比、线速度,释放扭矩和消除两侧齿轮间隙等,研制了一套专用定位倍式化学铣切旋转设备。采用倍式转动化学铣切,减少了传动间隙,提高了转动扭矩和使用寿命加工精度,确保运载火箭贮箱壁板的精密化学铣切的要求。     

Effect of nickel introduced by electroplating on pyrocarbon deposition of carbon-fiber preforms

In order to improve the deposition rate and microstructure of pyrocarbon, nickel was introduced by electroplating on carbon fibers and used as a catalyst during the deposition of pyrocarbon at 1000 C using methane as a precursor gas. The distribution of nickel catalyst and the microstructure of pyrocarbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and Raman micro-spectrometry. Results show that nano-sized nickel particles could be well distributed on carbon fibers and the pyrocarbon deposited catalytically had a smaller d002 value and a higher graphitization degree compared with that without catalyst. In addition, the deposition rate of pyrocarbon in each hour was measured.The deposition rate of pyrocarbon in the first hour was more than 10 times when carbon cloth substrates were doped with nickel catalysts as compared to the pure carbon cloths. The pyrocarbon gained by rapid deposition may include two parts, which are generation directly on the nickel catalyst and formation with the carbon nanofibers as crystal nucleus.     

除冰液对道面混凝土的影响及保护剂防护效果

通过冻融和化学侵蚀试验，研究了NW-056A机场道面除冰液对道面水混混凝土耐久性的影响以及在道面除冰液环境下两种新型混凝土保护剂的防护效果。结果表明：①混凝土在道面除冰液中冻融后表面无明显剥落现象，相对动弹模损失率比在水中小很多，道面除冰液延缓了混凝土的冻融破坏：②混凝土在道面除冰液常温浸泡下表面无剥蚀现象，但强度比在水中降低很多，因此存在化学腐蚀．且主要表现为对混凝土内部结构的缓慢损伤；（④两种新型混凝土保护剂均对预防混凝土的冻融破坏以及除冰液环境下的腐蚀破坏起到一定作用，涂刷混凝土保护剂是提高混凝土道面耐久性的有效方法。     

FINITE DIFFERENCE MODEL FOR SIMULATION OF DENSIFYING CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES BY CHEMICAL VAPOR INFILTRATIONP ROCESSES

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On initial steps of chemical prebiotic evolution: Triggering autocatalytic reaction of oligomerization

Searching for extraterrestrial life attracts more and more attention. However this searching hardly can be effective without sufficiently universal concept of life origin, which incidentally tackles a problem of origin of life on the Earth. A concept of initial stages of life origin is stated in the paper. The concept eliminates key difficulties in the problem of life origin, and allows experimental verification of it. According to the concept the predecessor of living beings has to be sufficiently simple to provide non-zero probability of self-assembling during short (in geological or cosmic scale) time. In addition the predecessor has to be capable of autocatalysis, and further complication (evolution). A possible scenario of initial stage of life origin, which can be realized both on other planets, and inside experimental facility is considered. In the scope of the scenario a theoretical model of multivariate oligomeric autocatalyst is presented. Results of computer simulation of two versions of oligomeric autocatalytic reactions are presented. It is shown that the contribution of monomer activation reaction is essential, and in some cases autocatalysis in polymerizing reaction can be achieved without catalyzing proper monomer binding reaction.     

Comets and Chemical Composition

It is commonly believed that comets are made of primordial material. As a consequence, they can reveal more information about the origin of our solar system. To interpret the coma composition measurements of comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko that will be collected by the Rosetta mission, models of the coma chemistry have to be constructed. However, programming the chemistry of a cometary coma is extremely complex due to the large number of species and reactions involved. Moreover, such a program needs to be very flexible as one may want to extend, change, or update the set of species, reactions, and reaction rates. Therefore, we developed software to manage a database of species and reactions and to generate code automatically to compute source/loss balances. This database includes the data from the UMIST database and the ion–molecule reactions collected by V.G. Anicich. To use all these databases together, a lot of practical problems need to be solved, but the result is an enormous source of information about chemical reactions that can be used in chemical models, not only for comets but also for other applications.     

The primordial Helium-4 abundance determination: systematic effects

By extrapolating to O/H = N/H = 0 the empirical correlations Y–O/H and Y–N/H defined by a relatively large sample of 45 Blue Compact Dwarfs (BCDs), we have obtained a primordial ⁴Helium mass fraction Y _p=0.2443±0.0015 with dY/dZ=2.4±1.0. This result is in excellent agreement with the average Y _p=0.2452±0.0015 determined in the two most metal-deficient BCDs known, I Zw 18 (Z /50) and SBS 0335–052 (Z /41), where the correction for He production is smallest. The quoted error (1) of 1% is statistical and does not include systematic effects. We examine various systematic effects including collisional excitation of hydrogen lines, ionization structure and temperature fluctuation effects, and underlying stellar Hei absorption, and conclude that combining all systematic effects, our Y _p may be underestimated by 2–4%. Taken at face value, our Y _p implies a baryon-to-photon number ratio =(4.7^+1.0 _–0.8)×10^–10 and a baryon mass fraction _b h ² ₁₀₀=0.017±0.005 (2), consistent with the values obtained from deuterium and Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. Correcting Y _p upward by 2–4% would make the agreement even better.     

Helium-3: Status and Prospects

We report on our continuing efforts to determine 3He abundances in H II regions and planetary nebulae. Our detections of 3He in some PNe show that some stars produce large amounts of 3He. However the H II region abundances show no evidence for this production. From our sample of > 40 H II regions, the subsample which should yield the most reliable abundances has 3He/H abundances which scatter between 1-2 × 10-5. There is no trend with either galactocentric distance or metallicity. Even if we do not understand the underlying mechanisms, we see empirically that stars neither produce nor destroy 3He in a major way. We thus suggest that the level of the "3He Plateau" (3He/H = 1.5 _-0.5 ^+1.0 × 10^-5) is a reasonable estimate for the primordial 3He.     

SiCp增强体表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响

为了改善粉末冶金方法制得的SiCp/Fe复合材料性能，采用化学镀的方法，成功地在SiCp表面沉积镍，考察了颗粒表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响。结果表明，镀镍层的作用明显：第一，阻碍了SiCp/Fe界面的过度反应以及Si原子向基体中的扩散；第二，镀镍层的存在改善了颗粒与基体的界面状况，使得颗粒能够更好地发挥增强体的作用。     

碳纳米管表面修饰的研究进展

回顾了碳纳米管表面修饰的理论与实验方法,详细介绍了碳纳米管表面修饰的新方法和最新研究进展,并对碳纳米管表面修饰技术给出了简要评价。